877.336.6738
| Bibliography of Anesthetic Buffering Articles Listed by Topic (Links valid as of 19-JAN-2011) |
|
| Buffering and Anesthetic Latency | |
| 1. | Ackerman WE, Ware TR, Juneja M, The Air-Liquid Interface and the pH
and PCO2 of Alkalinized Local Anaesthetic Solutions, Canadian Journal
of Anaesthesia, Vol. 39, P. 387 (1992). Full text of above article available for download at no charge:http://www.springerlink.com/content/43616778m7243675/ |
| 2. | Bavoux E, Benhamou D, Clavier N, & Perrachon N, Onset and Duration
of Epidural Analgesia with pH-Adjusted Bupivacaine: Is the Change in pH
the Difference? Anesthesiology, Vol. 69, No. 3A, P. 393 (1988). Full text of above article available for download at no charge: http://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/Citation/1988/09010/onset_and_duration_ of_epidural_analgesia_with.392.aspx |
| 3. | Bedder MD, Kozody R, Craig DB, Comparison of Bupivacaine and Alkalinized
Bupivacaine in Brachial Plexus Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 67,
P. 48 (1988). Abstract of above article available online: http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/67/1/48.long |
| 4. | Benlabed M, Jullien P, Guelmi K, Hamza J, Bonhomme L, Benhamou D, Alkalinization of 0.5% Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia, Regional Anesthesia, Vol. 15, No. 2, P. 59 (1990). Abstract of above article available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2176097 |
| 5. | Candido KD, Winnie AP, Covino BG, Raza SM, Vasireddy AR, Masters RW, Addition of Bicarbonate to Plain Bupivacaine Does Not Significantly Alter the
Onset or Duration of Plexus Anesthesia, Regional Anesthesia, Vol. 20, No. 2 P. 133 (1995). Abstract of above article available online:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7605760 |
| 6. | Capogna G, Celleno D, Laudano D, Giunta F, Alkalinization of local anesthetics.
Which block, which local anesthetic? Regional Anesthesia, Vol. 20, No. 5, P. 369
(1995). Abstract of above article available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8519712 |
| 7. | Chestnut DH, Beiger M, Bates JN, Choi WW, The Influence of pH-Adjusted
Chloroprocaine on the Quality and Duration of Subsequent Epidural Bupivacaine
Analgesia during Labor- A Randomized, Double-Blind Study, Anesthesiology, Vol. 70, P. 437 (1989). Abstract of above article available online: http://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/Citation/1988/09010/THE_INFLUENCE_OF_pH_ADJUSTED_2_CHLOROPROCAINE_ON.667.aspx |
| 8. | Cho KS, Shin YS, Kim JR, Park KW, Clinical Evaluation of Caudal Anesthesia
with Carbonated Lidocaine, Journal of the Korean Society of Anesthesiology,
Vol. 20, No. 5, P. 643 (1987). Full text of above article available for download at no charge: http://www.anesthesia.or.kr/judge/journal/search_index.php?year=1987&vol= 020&no=05&page=643 |
| 9. | Chow M, Sia A, Koay C, Chan Y, Alkalinization of Lidocaine Does not Hasten the
Onset of Axillary Brachial Plexus Block, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 86, P. 566
(1998). Full text of above article available for download at no charge: http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/86/3/566.abstract?sid= ab3f9648-f29e-4063-9b8a-98493b8ba5ea |
| 10. | Christoph RA, Buchanan L, Begalla K, Schwartz S, Pain Reduction in Local Anesthetic
Administration Through pH Buffering, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 17, No. 2,
P. 27 (1988). Abstract of above article available online: http://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(88)80293-2/abstract |
| 11. | Coventry DM, Todd JG, Alkalinisation of Bupivacaine for Sciatic Nerve Blockade,
Anaesthesia, Vol. 44, P. 467 (1989). Abstract of above article available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2757151 |
| 12. | De Nicola A, Sucre MJ, Onset, Duration and Blood Levels of Epidural Lidocaine vs. Buffered Lidocaine, IMRA, Vol. 12, No. 3 (2000). |
| 13. | DiFazio CA, Carron H, Grosslight KR, Moscicki JC, Bolding WR, Johns RA, Effect of
Acute pH Modification of Lidocaine Local Anesthesia and Absorption,
Anesthesiology, Vol. 63, No. 3A, P. A208 (1985).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 14. | DiFazio CA, Carron H, Grosslight KR, Moscicki JC, Bolding WR, Johns RA, Comparison of pH-Adjusted Lidocaine Solutions for Epidural Anesthesia,
Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 65, P. 760 (1986).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 15. | Fukuda T, Satop S, Naito H, Concentration- and pH- Dependent Effects of Local
Anesthetics on Onset of Epidural Anesthesia, Journal of Anesthesia, Vol. 4, P.
327 (1990).
Abstract of above article available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15235964 |
| 16. | Fukuda T, Naito H, The Effect of pH Adjustment of 1% Lidocaine on the Onset
of Sensory and Motor Blockade of Epidural Anesthesia in Nonpregnant
Gynecological Patients, Journal of Anesthesia, Vol. 8, P. 293 (1994).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 17. | Gaggero G, Meyer O, Wan Gessel E, Rifat K, Alkalinization of Lidocaine 2% Does
Not Influence the Quality of Epidural Anaesthesia for Elective Caesarean Section,
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol. 42, No. 12, P. 1080 (1995).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 18. | Galindo A, pH-Adjusted Local Anesthetics: Clinical Experience, Regional Anesthesia
and Pain Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 1, P. 35 (1983).
Full text of above article available for purchase at: |
| 19. | Gormley WP, Hill DA, Murray JM, Fee JP, The Effect of Alkalinization of Lignocaine
on Axillary Brachial Plexus Anaesthesia, Anaesthesia, Vol. 51, P. 185 (1996).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 20. | Gupta RP, Kapoor G, Safety and Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate versus Hyaluronidase
in Peribulbar Anaesthesia, Medical Journal of the Armed Forces of India, Vol. 62, P.
116 (2006).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 21. | Hilgier M, Alkalinization of Bupivacaine for Brachial Plexus Block, Reg Anesth,
Vol. 10, No. 2 (1985).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 22. | Kanaya N, Imaizumi H, Matsumoto M, Namiki A, Tsunoda K, Evaluation of Alkalinized Lidocaine Solution in Brachial Plexus Blockade, Journal of Anesthesia, Vol. 5, No. 2, P. 128 (1991). Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 23. | Kim T-H, Kim K-W, Kim C-H, A Clinical Study of Anesthetic Efficacy of Alkalinized
Lidocaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks, Journal of the Korean Association of
Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Vol. 23, No. 1, P. 36 (1990).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 24. | Lee HJ, Jeong GW, Park NH, The Effect of pH Adjustment of Bupivacaine on
Caudal Anesthesia, Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, Vol. 27, No. 3, P. 276 (2005).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 25. | Liepert DJ, McMorland GH, Gambling DR, Kim J, Ross P, Comparison of Lidocaine
CO2, Two Per Cent Lidocaine Hydrochloride and pH Adjusted Lidocaine
Hydrochloride for Caesarean Section Anaesthesia, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol. 37, No. 3, P. 333 (1990). Abstract of above article available online: |
| 26. | McMorland GH, Douglas MJ, Jeffery WK, Ross PL, Axelson JE, Kim JH, Gambling
DR, Robertson K, Effect of pH-Adjustment of Bupivacaine on Onset and Duration
of Epidural Analgesia in Parturients, Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal Vol. 33, No. 5, P. 537 (1986). Abstract of above article available online: |
| 27. | McMorland GH, Douglas MJ, Axelson J, Kim JH, Blair I, Ross PL, Gambling DR,
Swenerton JE, The Effect of pH Adjustment of Bupivacaine on Onset and Duration
of Epidural Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol. 35, No. 5, P. 457 (1988). Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 28. | Mehta R, Verma D, Gupta V, Gurwara A, To Study the Effect of Alkalinization of
Lignocaine Hydrochloride on Brachial Plexus Block, Indian Journal of Anaesthesiology,
Vol. 47, No. 4, P. 283 (2003).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 29. | Okamura RK, Reisner LS, Kalichman MW, Effects of Ph-Adjusted Lidocaine
Solutions on the Compound Action Potential in Intact Rat Sciatic Nerves,
Anesthesiology, Vol. 67, No. 3A, Page A281 (1987).
Preview and full text of the article available for purchase online: |
| 30. | Ossipov MH, Harris SH, Spaulding TC, Potency and Duration of Action of Local
Anesthetics are Diminished by Decreasing the pH of the Injected Solution in
Peripheral Nerve Block, Pain, Vol. 30, Supp. 1, P. S384 (1987).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 31. | Quinlan JJ, Oleksey K, Murphy FL, Alkalinization of Mepivacaine for Axillary Block,
Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 74, P. 371 (1992).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 32. | Siler JN, Rosenberg H, Lidocaine Hydrochloride versus Lidocaine Bicarbonate for
Epidural Anesthesia in Outpatients Undergoing Arthroscopic Surgery,
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, Vol. 2, P. 296 (1990).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 33. | Tackley RM, Coe AJ, Alkalinised Bupivacaine and Adrenaline for Epidural
Caesarean Section, A comparison with 0.5% Bupivacaine, Obstetric Digest,
Vol. 43, P. 1019 (1988).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 34. | Tetzlaff JE, Yoon HJ, O’HaraJ, Reaney J, Stein D, Grimes-Rice M, Alkalinization of
Mepivacaine Accelerates Onset of Interscalene Block for Shoulder, Regional
Anesthesia, Vol. 15, P. 242 (1990).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 35. | Jaichandran V, Vijaya L, George RJ, InderMohan B, Peribulbar Anesthesia for
Cataract Surgery: Effect of Lidocaine Warming and Alkalinization on Injection
Pain, Motor and Sensory Nerve Blockade, Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 58, No. 2, P. 105 (2010). Full text of above article available for review online at no charge: |
| 36. | Verborgh C, Claeys MA, Camu C, Onset of Epidural Blockade After Plain or
Alkalinized 0.5% Bupivacaine, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 73, P. 401 (1991).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| Buffering, Anesthetic Potency, and Dissolved CO2 | |
| 1. | Ackerman WE, Ware TR, Juneja M, The Air-Liquid Interface and the pH and PCO2
of Alkalinized Local Anaesthetic Solutions, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia,
Vol. 39, P. 387 (1992).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 2. | Berrada R, Chassard D, Bryssine S, Berthier S, Bryssine B, Bouletreau P, In Vitro
Effects of the Alkalinization of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 2% Lidocaine, Ann Fr
Anesth Reanim, Vol. 13, no. 2, P. 165 (1994).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 3. | Bromage PR, Gertel M, Improved Brachial Plexus Blockade with Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Carbonated Lidocaine, Anesthesia, Vol. 36, No. 5, P. 479 (1972). Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 4. | Catchlove RFH, The Influence of CO2 and pH on Local Anesthetic Action, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapies, Vol. 181, No. 2, P. 298 (1972). Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 5. | Condouris GA, Shakalis A, Potentiation of the Nerve-Depressant Effect of Local Anesthetics by Carbon Dioxide, Nature, Vol. 204, P. 57 (1964). Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 6. | Curatolo M, Peterson-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Lauber R, Hogstrom H, Scaramozzino P,
Luginbuhl M, Sieber TJ, Zbinden AM, Adding Sodium Bicarbonate to Lidocaine
Enhances the Depth of Epidural Blockade, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 86, P. 341 (1998). Full text of above article available for review online at no charge: |
| 7. | Ibusuki S, Katsuki H, Takasaki M, The Effects of Extracellular pH with and without
Bicarbonate on Intracellular Procaine Concentrations and Anesthetic Effects in
Crayfish Giant Axons, Anesthesiology, Vol. 88, No. 6, P. 1549 (1998).
Full text of above article available for review online at no charge: |
| 8. | Martin AJ, pH Adjustment and Discomfort Caused by the Intradermal Injection
of Lignocaine, Anaesthesia, Vol. 45, P. 975 (1990).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 9. | Necheles H, Gerard RW, The Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Nerve, American Journal
of Physiology, Vol. 93, P. 318 (1930). |
| 10. | Otsuguro K, Yasutake S, Yamaji Y, Ban M, Ohta T, Ito S, Why Does Carbon
Dioxide produce Analgesia? AATEX Vol. 14, P. 101 (2007).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 11. | Raymond S, Wong K, Strichartz G, Mechanisms for Potentiation of Local Anesthetic
by CO2: Bicarbonate Solutions, Anesthesiology, Vol. 71, No. 3A, P. A711 (1989).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 12. | Wong K, Strichartz GR, Raymond SA, On the Mechanisms of Potentiation of Local
Anesthetics by Bicarbonate Buffer: Drug Structure-Activity Studies on Isolated
Peripheral Nerve, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 76, P. 131 (1993).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| Buffering and Depth of Analgesia | |
| 1. | Arakawa M, Aoyama Y, Ohe Y, Epidural Bolus Injection with Alkalinized Lidocaine
Improves Blockade of the First Sacral Segment - A Brief Report, Canadian Journal
of Anesthesia Vol. 49, No. 6, P 566 (2002).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 2. | Arndt KA, Minimizing the Pain of Local Anesthesia, Journal of the American
Society of Plastic Surgeons (Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery) Vol. 72, No. 5, P.
676 (1983).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 3. | Chestnut DH, Geiger M, Bates JN, Choi WW, The Influence of pH-Adjusted
2-Chloroprocaine on the Quality and Duration of Subsequent Epidural Bupivacaine
Analgesia During Labor: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study, Anesthesiology, Vol. 70, No. 3, P. 437 (1989). Full text of above article available for download free of charge: |
| 4. | Curatolo M, Peterson-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Lauber R, Hogstrom H, Scaramozzino P,
Luginbuhl M, Sieber TJ, Zbinden AM, Adding Sodium Bicarbonate to Lidocaine
Enhances the Depth of Epidural Blockade, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 86, P. 341 (1998). Full text of above article available for review online at no charge: |
| 5. | Gaggero G, Meyer O, Wan Gessel E, Rifat K, Alkalinization of Lidocaine 2% Does
Not Influence the Quality of Epidural Anaesthesia for Elective Caesarean Section,
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol. 42, No. 12, P. 1080 (1995).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 6. | Mehta R, Verma DD, Gupta V, Burwara AK, To Study the Effect of Alkalinization
of Lignocaine Hydrochloride on Brachial Plexus Block, Indian Journal of Anaesthesia,
Vol. 47, No. 4, P. 283 (2003).
Full text of above article available for download online at no charge: |
| 7. | Roberts JE, MacLeod BA, Hollands RH, Improved Peribulbar Anaesthesia with
Alkalinization and Hyaluronidase, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol. 40,
No. 9, P. 835 (1993).
Full text of above article available for download online at no charge: |
| 8. | Siler JN, Rosenberg H, Lidocaine Hydrochloride versus Lidocaine Bicarbonate
for Epidural Anesthesia in Outpatients Undergoing Arthroscopic Surgery,
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, Vol. 2, P. 296 (1990).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 9. | Tetzlaff JE, Yoon HJ, O’HaraJ, Reaney J, Stein D, Grimes-Rice M, Alkalinization
of Mepivacaine Accelerates Onset of Interscalene Block for Shoulder Surgery, Regional
Anesthesia, Vol. 15, P. 242 (1990).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| Buffering and Diffusion of Anesthetic | |
| 1. | Arakawa M, Aoyama Y, Ohe Y, Epidural Bolus Injection with Alkalinized Lidocaine
Improves Blockade of the First Sacral Segment - A Brief Report, Canadian Journal
of Anesthesia Vol. 49, No. 6, P 566 (2002). Full text of above article available for purchase online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/b36206827q812411/ |
| 2. | Bedder, Kozody R, Craig DB, Comparison of Bupivacaine and Alkalinized Bupivacaine
in Brachial Plexus Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 67, P. 48 (1988).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 3. | Gaggero G, Meyer O, Wan Gessel E, Rifat K, Alkalinization of Lidocaine 2% Does
Not Influence the Quality of Epidural Anaesthesia for Elective Caesarean Section,
Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol. 42, No. 12, P. 1080 (1995).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 4. | Liepert DJ, McMorland GH, Gambling DR, Kim J, Ross P, Comparison of Lidocaine
CO2, Two Per Cent Lidocaine Hydrochloride and pH Adjusted Lidocaine
Hydrochloride for Caesarean Section Anaesthesia, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol. 37, No. 3, P. 333 (1990). Abstract of above article available online: |
| 5. | Martin AJ, pH Adjustment and Discomfort Caused by the Intradermal Injection
of Lignocaine, Anaesthesia, Vol. 45, P. 975 (1990).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 6. | Sosa A, Salazar-Rodriguez, Velasco M, A Comparison on Alkalinization Induced
Effect on Lidocaine Anesthetic Activity, RFM, Vol. 27, No. 1, P. 79 (2004).
Full text of above article available for review online at no charge: |
| 7. | Talu H, Yanyali A, Karbas L, Alp B, Caglar Y, Effect of Warming and Buffering
Lidocaine on Pain During Facial Anesthesia, Annals of Ophthalmology, Vol. 33,
No. 1. P. 43 (2001).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| Buffering and Duration | |
| 1. | Bartfield JM, Homer PJ, Ford DT, Sternklar P, Buffered Lidocaine as a Local
Anesthetic: An Investigation of Shelf Life, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 21,
No. 1, P. 16 (1992).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 2. | Berrada R, Chassard D, Bryssine S, Berthier S, Bryssine B, Bouletreau P, In Vitro
Effects of the Alkalinization of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 2% Lidocaine,
Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, Vol. 13, No. 2, P. 165 (1994).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 3. | Bonhomme L, Postaire E, Touratier S, Benhamou D, Martre-Sauvageon H, Preaux NM,
Chemical Stability of Lignocaine (Lidocaine) and Adrenaline (Epinephrine) in
pH-Adjusted Parenteral Solutions, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Vol. 13, P. 257 (1988). Summary and article for purchase available online: |
| 4. | Buckley P, Neto GD, Fink BR, pH of Solution and Duration of Local Anesthetic Block,
Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 64, P. 477 (1985).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 5. | Chestnut DH, Geiger M, Bates JN, Choi WW, The Influence of pH-Adjusted 2-
Chloroprocaine on the Quality and Duration of Subsequent Epidural Bupivacaine
Analgesia During Labor: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study, Anesthesiology, Vol. 70, No. 3, P. 437 (1989). Full text of above article available for download free of charge: |
| 6. | Gormley WP, Hill DA, Murray JM, Fee JPH, The Effect of Alkalinization of
Lignocaine on Axillary Brachial Plexus Anaesthesia, Anaesthesia, Vol. 51,
P. 185 (1996).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 7. | Hilgier M, Alkalinization of Bupivacaine for Brachial Plexus Block, Regional
Anesthesia, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1985).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 8. | Mehta R, Verma D, Gupta V, Gurwara A, To Study the Effect of Alkalinization of
Lignocaine Hydrochloride, Indian Journal of Anaesthesiology, Vol. 47, No. 4,
P. 283 (2003).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 9. | Ozer H, Solak S, Oguz T, Ocguder A, Colakoglu T, Alkalinization of Local
Anesthetics Prescribed for Pain Relief After Surgical Decompression of Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vol. 13, No. 3, P. 285 (2005).
Full text of above article available for download online free of charge: |
| 10. | Sinnot CJ, Garfield JM, Thalhammer JG, Strichartz GR, Addition of Sodium
Bicarbonate to Lidocaine Decreases the Duration of Peripheral Nerve Block in
the Rat, Anesthesiology, Vol. 93, No. 4 (2000).
Full text of above article available for download online free of charge: |
| 11. | Tetzlaff JE, Yoon HJ, O’HaraJ, Reaney J, Stein D, Grimes-Rice M, Alkalinization of
Mepivacaine Accelerates Onset of Interscalene Block for Shoulder Surgery, Regional
Anesthesia, Vol. 15, P. 242 (1990)
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
Buffering and Injection Pain |
|
| 1. | Ackerman WE, Ware TR, Juneja M, The Air-Liquid Interface and the pH and PCO2
of Alkalinized Local Anaesthetic Solutions, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia,
Vol. 39, P. 387 (1992).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 2. | Jones JS, Plzak C, Wynn BN, Martin S, Effect of Temperature and pH Adjustment
of Bupivacaine for Intradermal Anesthesia, American Journal of Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 16, No. 2, P. 117 (1998).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| Buffered Chloroprocaine |
|
| 1. | Marica LS, O’Day T, Janosky JE, Nystrom EUM, Chloroprocaine is Less Painful
than Lidocaine for Skin Infiltration Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia,
Vol. 94, P. 351 (2002).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 2. | Lavin PA, Henderson CL, Vaghadia H, Non-Alkalinized and Alkalinized 2-
Chloroprocaine vs. Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia During
Outpatient Hand Surgery, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol. 46, P. 939 (1999).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 3. | Ackerman WE, Ware TR, Juneja M, The Air-Liquid Interface and the pH and
PCO2 of Alkalinized Local Anaesthetic Solutions, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia,
Vol. 39, P. 387 (1992).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| Buffered Lidocaine Plain | |
| 1. | Ackerman WE, Ware TR, Juneja M, The Air-Liquid Interface and the pH and PCO2
of Alkalinized Local Anaesthetic Solutions, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia,
Vol. 39, P. 387 (1992).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 2. | Armel HE, Horowitz M, Alkalinization of Local Anesthesia with Sodium Bicarbonate -
Preferred Method of Local Anesthesia, Urology, Vol. 43, No. 1, P. 101 (1994).
Full text of above article available for purchase and delivery by fax or e-mail: |
| 3. | Arndt KA, Minimizing the Pain of Local Anesthesia, Journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery) Vol. 72, No. 5, P. 676 (1983). Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 4. | Ball EL, Sanjay P, Woodward A, Comparison of Buffered and Unbuffered Local
Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Prospective Study, The Journal of
Hernias and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Vol. 10, No. 2, P. 175 (2006).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 5. | Bancroft JW, Benenati JF, Becker GJ, Katzen BT, Neutralized Lidocaine: Use in
Pain Reduction in Local Anesthesia, Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology,
Vol. 3, No. 1, P. 107 (1992).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 6. | Barnett TA, Kapp DS, Reduction of Pain and Local Complications When Buffered
Lidocaine Solution is Used as a Local Anesthetic in Conjunction with Hyperthermia
Treatments: Results of a Randomized Trial, International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biologics and Physics Vol. 23, No. 3, P. 585 (1992). Full text of above article may be ordered online: |
| 7. | Bartfield JM, Gennis P, Barbera J, Breuer B, Gallagher EJ, Buffered Versus Plain
Lidocaine as a Local Anesthetic for Simple Laceration Repair, Annals of
Emergency Medicine, Vol. 19, No. 12, P. 1387 (1990).
Abstract of the above article available online: |
| 8. | Bartfield JM, Homer PJ, Ford DT, Sternklar P, Buffered Lidocaine as a Local
Anesthetic: An Investigation of Shelf Life, Annals of Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 21, No. 1, P. 16 (1992).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 9. | Brogan GX, Biaruusso E, Hollander JE, Cassara G, Maranga MC, Thode HC, Comparison of Plain, Warmed, and Buffered Lidocaine for Anesthesia of
Traumatic Wounds, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 2, P. 121 (1995).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 10. | Christoph RA, Buchanan L, Begalla K, Schwartz S, Pain Reduction in Local
Anesthetic Administration Through pH Buffering, Annals of Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 17, No. 2, P. 27 (1988).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 11. | Colaric KB, Overton DT, Moore K, Pain Reduction in Local Anesthetic, American
Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 4, P. 353 (1998).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download online: |
| 12. | Connelly NR, Leonard R, Discomfort Associated with Regional Anesthetic
Placement in Obstetrics: Does Alkalinization Help?, International Journal of
Obstetric Anesthesia, Vol. 5, No. 2, P. 89 (1996).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download online: |
| 13. | Cornelius P, Kendall J, Meek S, Rajan R, Alkalinisation of Lignocaine to Reduce
the Pain of Digital Nerve Blockade, Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 13, No. 5, P. 339 (1996).
Full text of above article available for review and download online: |
| 14. | Culp WC Jr, Yousaf M, Lowry B, McCowan TC, Culp WC, Pain and Efficacy of Local
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P. 11 (2008).
Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 15. | Friedman HE, Jules KT, Springer K, Jennings M, Buffered Lidocaine Decreases the
Pain of Digital Anesthesia in the Foot, Journal of the Am. Podiatric Medical
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Full text of above article available for purchase and download online: |
| 16. | Gershon RY, Mokriski BK, Matjasko MJ, Intradermal Anesthesia and Comparison
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Full text of above article available for purchase and download online: |
| 17. | Hayward CJ, Nafziger AN, Kohlhepp SJ, Bertino JS Jr, Investigation of Bioequivalence
and Tolerability of Intramuscular Ceftriaxone Injections by Using 1% Lidocaine,
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| 18. | Karcioglu O, Topacoglu H, Ayrik C, Ozucelik DN, Soysal S, Prilocaine versus Plain
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Full text of above article available for review online free of charge: |
| 19. | Kim T-H, Kim K-W, Kim C-H, A Clinical Study of Anesthetic Efficacy of Alkalinized
Lidocaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks, Journal of the Korean Association of
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Abstract of above article available online: |
| 20. | Klein EJ, Shugerman RP, Leigh-Taylor K, Schneider C, Portscheller D, Koepsell T, Buffered Lidocaine: Analgesia for Intravenous Line Placement in Children,
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Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 21. | Korbon GA, Hurley DP, Williams GS, pH-Adjusted Lidocaine Does Not Sting,
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Full text of above article available for download online, free of charge: |
| 22. | Koscielniak-Nielsen ZJ, Stens-Pedersen HL, Kjaerbo EJ, Intra-Arterial Regional
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Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 23. | Mader TJ, Playe SJ, Reducing the Pain of Local Anesthetic Infiltration: Warming
and Buffering Have Synergistic Effect, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 23,
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Full text of above article available for purchase and download online: |
| 24. | Marica LS, O’Day T, Janosky JE, Nystrom EUM, Chloroprocaine is Less Painful
than Lidocaine for Skin Infiltration Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia,
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Full text of above article available for download at no charge: |
| 25. | Matsumoto AH, Reifsnyder AC, Hartwell GD, Angle JF, Selby JB Jr, Tegtmeyer CJ, Reducing the Discomfort of Lidocaine Administration Through pH Buffering,
Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Vol. 5, No. 1, P. 171 (1994).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download online: |
| 26. | McGlone R, Bodenham A, Reducing the Pain of Intradermal Lignocaine Injection
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Full text of above article available for download online free of charge: |
| 27. | McKay W, Morris R, Mushlin P, Sodium Bicarbonate Attenuates Pain on Skin
Infiltration with Lidocaine, with or without Epinephrine, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 66, P. 572 (1987). Full text of above article available for purchase and download online: |
| 28. | McNaughton C, Zhou C, Robert L, Storrow A, Kennedy R, A Randomized, Crossover
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| 29. | Nelson AL, Neutralizing pH of Lidocaine Reduces Pain During Norplant® System
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Full text of above article available for purchase and download online: |
| 30. | Ong E, Lim N, Koay C, Towards a Pain-Free Venepuncture, Anaesthesia,
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Full text of above article available for download online free of charge: |
| 31. | Orlinsky M, Hudson C, Chan L, Deslauriers R, Pain Comparison of Unbuffered
Versus Buffered Lidocaine in Local Wound Infiltration, Journal of Emergency
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| 32. | Palmon SC, Lloyd AT, Kirsch R, The Effect of Needle Gauge and Lidocaine pH
on Pain During Intradermal Injection, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 86, No. 2,
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Full text of above article available online for download free of charge: |
| 33. | Richtsmeier AJ, Hatcher JW, Buffered Lidocaine for Skin Infiltration Prior to
Hemodialysis, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, Vol. 10, No. 3,
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Full text of above article available for download free of charge: |
| 34. | Ruegg TA, Curran CR, Lamb T, Use of Buffered Lidocaine in Bone Marrow
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| 35. | Sapin P, Petrozzi R, Dehmer GJ, Reduction in Injection Pain Using Buffered
Lidocaine as a Local Anesthetic Before Cardiac Catheterization, Catheterization
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| 36. | Scarfone RJ, Jasani M, Gracely EJ, Pain of Local Anesthetics: Rate of Administration
and Buffering, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 31, No. 1, P. 36 (1998).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 37. | Steinbrook RA, Hughes N, Fanciullo G, Manzi D, Ferrante FM, Effects of Alkalinization
of Lidocaine on the Pain of Skin Infiltration and Intravenous Catheterization, Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, Vol. 5, No. 6, P. 456 (1993). Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 38. | Jaichandran V, Vijaya L, George RJ, InderMohan B, Peribulbar Anesthesia for
Cataract Surgery: Effect of Lidocaine Warming and Alkalinization on Injection
Pain, Motor and Sensory Nerve Blockade, Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 58, No. 2, P. 105 (2010). Full text of above article available for review free of charge: |
| 39. | Watts AC, Gaston P, Hooper G, Randomized Trial of Buffered Versus Plain
Lidocaine for Local Anaesthesia in Open Carpal Tunnel Decompression,
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Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 40. | Xia Y, Chen E, Tibbits DL, Reilley TE, McSweeney TD, Comparison of Effects of
Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Buffered Lidocaine, Diphenhydramine, and Normal
Saline After Intradermal Injection, Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, Vol. 14, No. 5, P. 339 (2002). Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 41. | Yang CH, Hsu HC, Shen SC, Juan WH, Hong HS, Chen CH, Warm and Neutral
Tumescent Anesthetic Solutions Are Essential Factors for a Less Painful
Injection, Dermatologic Surgery, Vol. 32, No. 9, P. 1119 (2006).
Full text of above article available for purchase and delivery via fax or e-mail: |
| Buffered Lidocaine with Epinephrine | |
| 1. | Bowles WH, Frysh H, Emmons R, Clinical Evaluation of Buffered Local Anesthetic,
General Dentistry, Vol. 43, No. 2, P. 182 (1995).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 2. | Burns CA, Ferris G, Feng C, Cooper JZ, Brown MD, Decreasing the Pain of Local
Anesthesia: A Prospective, Double-Blind Comparison of Buffered, Premixed 1%
Lidocaine with Epinephrine Versus 1% Lidocaine Freshly Mixed with Epinephrine, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Vol. 54, No. 1, P. 128 (2006). Full text of the article is available for purchase and download: |
| 3. | Carvalho B, Fuller A, Brummel C, Cohen SE, Local Infiltration of Epinephrine-
Containing Lidocaine with Bicarbonate Reduces Superficial Bleeding and Pain
During Labor Epidural Catheter Insertion: A Randomized Trial, International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, Vol. 16, No. 2, P. 116 (2007). Full text of the article is available for purchase and download: |
| 4. | Christoph RA, Buchanan L, Begalla K, Schwartz S, Pain Reduction in Local
Anesthetic Administration Through pH Buffering, Annals of Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 17, No. 2, P. 27 (1988).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 5. | Crose V, Pain Reduction in Local Anesthetic Administration Through pH Buffering
JIDA, V.70, No. 2, P. 24 (1991).
Full text of above article available for purchase and delivery by fax or e-mail: |
| 6. | Larson PO, Ragi G, Swandby M, Darcey B, Polzin G, Carey P, Stability of Buffered
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Used for Local Anesthesia, Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology, Vol. 17, No. 5, P. 411 (1991). Abstract of above article: |
| 7. | Lugo-Janer G, Padial M, Sánchez JL, Less Painful Alternatives for Local Anesthesia,
Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology, Vol. 19, No. 3, P. 237 (1993).
Full text of the article is available for purchase online with delivery via fax or e-mail: |
| 8. | Martin AJ, pH Adjustment and Discomfort Caused by the Intradermal Injection of
Lignocaine, Anaesthesia, Vol. 45, P. 975 (1990).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 9. | Masters JE, Randomized Control Trial of pH Buffered Lignocaine with Adrenaline
in Outpatient Operations, British Journal of Plastic Surgery, Vol. 51, P 385 (1998).
Full text of the article is available for purchase and download: |
| 10. | Metzinger SE, Rigby PL, Bailey DJ, Brousse RG, Local Anesthesia in Blepharoplasty:
A New Look? Southern Medical Journal, Vol. 87, No. 2, P. 225(1994).
Full text of the article is available for purchase online with delivery via fax or e-mail: |
| 11. | Narváez J, Wessels I, Bacon G, Chin VR, Baqai WK, Zimmerman GJ, Prospective
Randomized Evaluation of Short-Term Complications When Using Buffered or
Unbuffered Lidocaine 1% With Epinephrine for Blepharoplasty Surgery, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vol. 26, No. 1, P. 33 (2010). Full text of the article is available for purchase and download: |
| 12. | Samdal F, Arctander K, Skolleborg KC, Amland PF, Alkalisation of Lignocaine-
Adrenaline Reduces the Amount of Pain During Subcutaneous Injection of Local
Anaesthetic, Scandanavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Vol. 28, No. 1, P. 33 (1994). Full text of the article is available for purchase and download: |
| 13. | Stewart JH, Cole GW, Klein JA, Neutralized Lidocaine with Epinephrine for Local
Anesthesia, Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology, Vol. 16, No. 9, P. 842
(1989).
Full text of above article available for purchase and delivery by e-mail or fax: http://www4.infotrieve.com/search/databases/AFResults.asp?SR=1&QR=neutralized% |
| 14. | Stewart JH, Chinn S, Cole GW, Klein JA, Neutralized Lidocaine with Epinephrine
for Local Anesthesia II, Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology, Vol. 15,
No. 10, P. 1081 (1990).
Full text of above article available for purchase and delivery by e-mail or fax: http://www4.infotrieve.com/search/databases/AFResults.asp?SR=1&QR=neutralized% |
| 15. | Vossinakis IC, Stavroulaki P, Paleochorlidis I, Badras LS, Reducing the Pain
Associated with Local Anaesthetic Infiltration for Open Carpal Tunnel
Decompression, Journal of Hand Surgery (British Volume), Vol. 29B, No. 4,
P. 399 (2004).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 16. | Whitcomb M, Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, A Prospective, Randomized,
Double-Blind Study of the Anesthetic Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Buffered
2% Lidocaine With 1 : 100,000 Epinephrine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks, Anesthesia Progress, Vol. 57, No. 2, P. 59 (2010). Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 17. | Yang CH, Hsu HC, Shen SC, Juan WH, Hong HS, Chen CH, Warm and Neutral
Tumescent Anesthetic Solutions Are Essential Factors for a Less Painful
Injection, Dermatologic Surgery, Vol. 32, No. 9, P. 1119 (2006).
Full text of above article available for purchase and delivery via fax or e-mail: |
| 18. | Younis I, Bhutiani RP, Taking the ‘Ouch’ Out - Effect of Buffering Commercial
Xylocaine on Infiltration and Procedure Pain – A Prospective, Randomised,
Double-Blind, Controlled Trial, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Vol. 86, No. 3, P. 213 (2004). Available for download free of charge: |
| 19. | Yuen VH, Dolman PJ, Comparison of Three Modified Lidocaine Solutions for
Use in Eyelid Anesthesia, Ophthalmic Plastic Reconstructive Surgery,
Vol. 15, No. 2, P. 143 (1999).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| Buffered Mepivacaine | |
| 1. | Christoph RA, Buchanan L, Begalla K, Schwartz S, Pain Reduction in Local
Anesthetic Administration Through pH Buffering, Annals of Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 17, No. 2, P. 27 (1988).
Abstract of above article available online: |
| 2. | Crose VW, Pain Reduction in Local Anesthetic Administration through pH
Buffering, JIDA, V.70, No. 2, P. 24 (1991).
Full text of above article available for purchase and delivery by fax or e-mail: |
| Buffered Prilocaine | |
| 1. | Ozer H, Solak S, Oguz T, Ocguder A, Colakoglu T, Babacan, Alkalinisation of
Local Anesthetics Prescribed for Pain Relief After Surgical Decompression of
Carpal Tunnl Syndrome, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vol. 13, No. 3, P. 285 (2005).
Full text of above article available for download, free of charge: http://www.josonline.org/pdf/v13i3p285.pdf |
| Metastudies on Buffering and Injection Pain |
|
| 1. | Boyd R, Plain or Buffered Lignocaine for Local Anesthetic, Best Evidence Topics,
BET No. 102 (2001).
Full text of above article available for review online: |
| 2. | Cepeda MS, Tzortzopoulou A, Thackrey M, Hudcova J, Arora Gandhi P, Schumann R., Adjusting the pH of Lidocaine for Reducing Pain on Injection, Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews, Vol. 12, Article No. CD006581, 8 December 2010.
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 3. | Davies RJ, Buffering the Pain of Local Anaesthetics: A Systematic Review,
Emergency Medicine, Vol. 15, P. 81 (2003).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 4. | Erramouspe J, Buffering Local Anesthetic Solutions with Sodium Bicarbonate:
Literature Review and Commentary, Hospital Pharmacy, Vol. 31, No. 1
0, P. 1275 (1996).
Available for purchase online and delivery by fax or e-mail: |
| 5. | Erramouspe J, Buffering Local Anesthetic Solutions with Sodium Bicarbonate:
Literature Review and Commentary, Hospital Pharmacy, Vol. 31, No. 10, P. 1275
(1996).
Available for purchase online and delivery by fax or e-mail: |
| 6. | Hanna MN, Elhassan A, Veloso PM, Lesley M, Lissauer J, Richman JM, Wu CL, Efficacy of Bicarbonate in Decreasing Pain on Intradermal Injection of Local
Anesthetics, A Meta-Analysis, Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Vol. 34, No 2, P. 122 (2009). Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |
| 7. | Tran S, Middleton RK, Buffered Lidocaine in Local Anesthesia, The Annals of
Pharmacotherapy, Vol. 24, No. 12, P. 1180 (1990).
Available for purchase online and delivery by fax or e-mail: |
| Buffering and Warming | |
| 1. | Brogan GX, Biaruusso E, Hollander JE, Cassara G, Maranga MC, Thode HC, Comparison of Plain, Warmed, and Buffered Lidocaine for Anesthesia of
Traumatic Wounds, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 2, P. 121 (1995).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 2. | Colaric KB, Overton DT, Moore K, Pain Reduction in Local Anesthetic, American
Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 4, P. 353 (1998).
Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 3. | Mader TJ, Playe SJ, Reducing the Pain of Local Anesthetic Infiltration: Warming
and Buffering Have Synergistic Effect, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 3, P. 550 (1994). Full text of above article available for purchase online: |
| 4. | Fitton AR, Ragbir M, Milling AP, The Use of pH Adjusted Lignocaine in Controlling
Operative Pain in the Day Surgery Unit: A Prospective Randomized Trial, British
Journal of Plastic Surgery, Vol. 49, P. 404 (1996).
Full text of above article available for purchase and download: |